ANGULATION The angles formed at a joint by a meeting of the bones

APPLE HEADED Very domed, rounded skull.

ARCHED NECK A convex curve from nape to withers, sloping gently into topline.

BACK Region between withers and loin.

BALANCE The harmonisation of the various parts in relation to each other for a particular breed.

BLAZE White mark running up the middle of muzzle and/or skull.

BONE The relationship to thickness, quality and strength of

bone as seen in the legs.

BREECHING Hair on the outside thighs and on back of buttocks..

BUTTERFLY NOSE Parti-coloured nose, e.g. dark spotted with flesh colour.

CHEST The forepart of the body or trunk that is enclosed by the ribs.

CHISELLING Clean cut lines and contours in the head and foreface.

CLODDY Thickset and comparatively heavy.

CLOSE-COUPLED Short in coupling

COUPLING The part of the body between the last rib and the commencement of the hindquarter section.

COW HOCKED Hock joints turned or pointed towards each other causing the feet to turn out.

CRABBING The forward movement of the dog such that its body is at a slight angle to the point of direction in order to avoid the clipping of the front feet by the rear feet.

CROUP The portion of the top line extending from the hip bones to the set on of the tail.

CRYPTORCHARD Male dog without testicles fully descended into the scrotum.

CUT UP Concave underline of body curving upwards from end of sternum to waist.

DOUBLE COATED An outer coat of longer hair with a shorter softer dense undercoat.

DUDLEY NOSE Weakly pigmented.

EXPRESSION The general appearance of all features of the head, particularly eyes and ears.

FEATHERING Longer fringe of hairs on tail, legs, feet. ears and body.

HOCKS Joint on the hind limb located between the lower thigh and rear pastern.

LAY OF SHOULDER The angle or inclination of the shoulder blade to the horizontal.

LIPPY Pendulous lip or lips that do not fit tightly.

MONORCHID A male dog with only one testicle descended and in the scrotum.

OCCIPUT The prominent bone at the back of the skull.

OVER REACHING A gait where the rear feet are forced to step to one side and forward of the forefeet to avoid interference with the front feet.

PASTERN The region between the wrist and the front foot.

POINT OF SHOULDER The front of the joint where the upper arm and the shoulder blade meet.

QUALITY Excellence of type and bearing giving close adherence to the breed standard, the indefinable attribute denoting refinement and mobility. The absence of coarseness giving strength to a dog and refinement to a bitch without weakness.

SNIPY A weak pointed muzzle.

STIFLE The joint of the hind leg, between the first and second thigh.

STOP The step up from the muzzle to skull; indentation between the eyes where the nasal bone and skull meet.

TUCK UP Concave underline of body curving upwards from end of rib to waist.

UNDERCOAT The shorter dense hair appearing under the longer harsher outer coat.